Population decline and infrastructure: The case of the German water supply system (paper review))

With respect to water supply systems, demographic growth

and shrinkage processes must be regarded as occurring simultaneously; temporal as well as spatial effects have to be considered, along with quantitative and qualitative aspects of demographic changes. Utilities need strong, spatially

differentiated data for estimating demographics.

• In this case, intra-regional migration and the related strengthening of demographic heterogeneity are the deciding factors.

• City planning should be evaluated from an engineering viewpoint, preferably utilizing existing infrastructure networks.

•If the existing infrastructure is underutilized, there should be no new structural

developments outside the current network.

•Reduced demand for water also has economic consequences.

•In the case of drinking water supply, a decrease in consumption and the related diminution of flow quantities can considerably impair the functioning of the supply network.

•changes of the population size and structure are

relevant, as well as intra-regional migrations.

• The issue of population decline is a very new field for various disciplines, especially urban and regional planning, engineering and economics, but also public health and medicine or political science. As a result, it seems to be an ideal field for trans disciplinary research and cooperation between demographic research and other disciplines.

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Hafencity waterfront renewal project, Hamburg, Germany

DATA & FACTS: • Overall size : 157 hectares • Land Area : 123 hectares • More than 2.3 million sq.mt of newly built gross floor space • 6000-7000 apartments for 12000-13000 people • 45000 jobs (including more than 35000 office jobs) • Expansion of Hamburg’s city area by 40% • 10.5 km of publicly accessible quayside promenade • Distance between the centre and town hall : 800 meters INTRODUCTION : • The Development Process of Hafencity : • It witnessed the emergence of three overlapping, tangible and intangible perspectives of thought and action: • Identity, Sustainability and Urbanity. • This multidimensional orientation is linked with the urban spatial dimensions as a “new downtown” and “waterfront” urban development project. TRANSPORT: • Efficient road network leading to the city and motorways • New underground line U4 linking city centre and Hafencity • (extension to the east under construction) • PUBLIC SPACES:

EcoVillage at Ithaca, New York

Overview: Initiated in 1991 Location:2.5 miles from downtown Ithaca, NewYork , USA. Total land: 175 acres. 50 acres land for conservation. Two food farms producing food for 1500 inhabitants. 60 homes clustered in 10 acre of land. INTRODUCTION The ultimate goal of EcoVillage at Ithaca is nothing less than to redesign the human habitat. We are creating a model community of some five hundred residents that will exemplify sustainable systems of living - systems that are not only practical in themselves, but replicable by others. The completed project will demonstrate the feasibility of a design that meets basic human needs such as shelter, food production, energy, social interaction, work and recreation while preserving natural ecosystems ( EcoVillage at Ithaca Mission Statement 1994). Demonstrating Best Practices at EcoVillage Ithaca: 1. Green Building, Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy: All homes are passive solar, super-insulated, and many have photo

EKISTICS (An Understanding as Urban Planner)

• The term Ekistics was coined by Greek architect and urban planner Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in 1942. • Applies to the science of human settlements . • Includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. This science, termed Ekistics , will take into consideration • the principles man takes into account when building his settlements , as well • as the evolution of human settlements through history in terms of size and quality . • The target is to build the city of optimum size , that is, a city which respects human dimensions. • Since there is no point in resisting development, we should try to accommodate technological evolution and the needs of man with in the same settlement. • ACCORDING TO DOXIADIS In order to create the cities of the future, we need to systematically develop a science of human settlements. • Ekistics aims to encompass all scales of human habitation and seeks to learn from the archeological and historical record

Breathing Architecture

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