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DEATH OF OUR CITIES (Doxiadis)


The  word ‘Death’ is somewhat  related to Living Organism, So A city  is considered as living organism by many authors on their perspectives. Here we discuss about How the city gone lose all its value (natural resources, disease, pollution, etc).
So,  how this happen to us?
Is this a very sudden change?
Is doomsday is true which coming to us?
Is this a beginning of the END of the world?

After the mid 19th century, there’s many changes taken place around us like from automobiles to our factories.
Three big events are responsible for these changes.

Architects, planners and administrators are unable to deal with this Triple Growing of urban Units, unless they proceed to remodelling & demolition.
CHANGES FOR THE BETTER? NO, CHANGES FOR THE WORSE –EVERYWHERE .
vOne of the main three big changes is- Unprecedented increase of population all over the world.

vIt took Humanity thousands of years to reach at this point, until the beginning of our century, and it took it only sixty years to jump up and double the population.
vThis increase is in the cities even worse. The rate of increase is higher and the larger the city, the more it goes.

vThe second big phenomenon of our century is a gradual socialization which takes place irrespectively of political systems, where architects and planners were thinking forty years back of
vmonuments, cathedrals, big hospitals, civic centers, perhaps of some villas for the privileged classes .
v, now there is no municipality anywhere in the world which dares to think of supplying water only to the privileged classes or to pave the streets of only some neighborhoods.
vEverywhere the governments are thinking in terms of public housing, of many schemes which are meant for the whole population.
vThis was again a big change,
vbecause if in the past our interest was limited practically to a horizontal line of civic centers, of temples, of palaces;
vif we were only building for gods and kings, now during our century we have to think and build for the whole population.

vThe content of our subject has changed.
The third one we all aware of (or say one of our body part) is “MACHINE”.
In this context we talk about cars, dependency on automobiles as much as preference on car is more than preference of man, which is the smallest unit of our cities ‘once.
We are not free persons in our cities.
We are completely under the control of the machine which we have created to become our slave and now the situation has been reversed: We are the slaves.
Now lets took for a moment what happen to our cities-
so static that they were surrounded by walls.
Many cities in the other continents especially, have been surrounded by walls for centuries.
“I know cities which have been surrounded by walls for thousands of years.”
 Thus we had to live in and to deal with a walled city; a three dimensional city.
Then came the era when the walls broke and the cities spread out.
This is the big change we have to reckon with. And now we cannot follow the spread of the cities.
The third one we all aware of (or say one of our body part) is “MACHINE”.
In this context we talk about cars, dependency on automobiles as much as preference on car is more than preference of man, which is the smallest unit of our cities ‘once.
We are not free persons in our cities.
We are completely under the control of the machine which we have created to become our slave and now the situation has been reversed: We are the slaves.
Now  we have Three Important Factor due to which, a city can’t perform its function if not maintained. OK…
Let’s see in between these three, what is the reason that planners don't get these.
To this type of problems we have now to add another
category of problems due to the traffic situation and the way it is
met. What we usually do in order to relieve a center from its
traffic pressures is to try and open highways. We proceed as
surgeons and cut through the city in order to facilitate the traffic
to the center of the city and from the center of the city. Because
we have a congested area we open new wide highways to facilitate traffic.
If we
open new highways, we demolish more buildings, and we create
for a moment relieved conditions. This moment - moment in
human minds, years in the minds of the city - is used by
someone who comes and brings new functions in. If we continue
this policy, we have condemned the center of the city to remain
some day without buildings and be covered by highways only.


qBut now we have a new weapon - urban renewal. Let us not believe that we have a small weapon in our hands; it is a very big one if we use it properly.
q
qWhat can we do? How can we face this difficult problem? We have a weapon, a new weapon in our hands, the conception of urban renewal.
q There is only one solution. To let the city grow in one direction. Instead of letting the center grow all around where the most valuable of land is, where there are the most narrow
streets; let the center grow in one direction towards the outskirts, towards the areas of less pressures and lesser resistance.
Then the city will move around the new center.
Thus later we reach the outskirts and protect the area for the next phase of growth of the center, not anymore within the city but
out of it - in the areas of less or no resistance at all.
Thus we can create a city which is four-dimensional, a parabolic city.
This will be a dynamic city  -  Dynapolis.

Conclusion:
Therefore, instead of making designs and plans, we must learn from the economists the technique of long-term planning, and see our plans and designs only as three-dimensional projections of our long-term programs.
Instead of thinking in terms of master plans which are static, we have to think in master development programs, and at the end of
every year, have our plan of the year, as a three-dimensional projection of the thinking of the community, of the ability of the
community to develop itself.
We have acquired new techniques.
It must be difficult .
The problems are big, but if the understanding exists, and I see it existing, that all this talent must come together, and join forces, then it can develop a new policy and a new program.
If by discussions we can help each other to discover the truth, and we decide not to lose our courage, because for five years empty
lands existed in a certain city and they have not yet been built, although this may make some citizens angry, as this is nothing in relation to the life of the city, if we can have the patience to project into the future, to acquire the knowledge of the proper scale of events,
then this is sure that it is here by such groups of
people, coming together confessing the truth, that a new approach can be developed and a new road can be opened . . .




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