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EKISTICS (An Understanding as Urban Planner) Part-02

Basic Principles of Ekistics


•MAXIMIZATION OF HUMAN POTENTIALS –in a certain area, man will select the location which permits a maximum of potential contact
•MINIMIZATION OF EFFORTS –a minimum of effort, terms of energy, time and cost Man selects the most convenient routes
•OPTIMIZATION OF MAN’S PROTECTIVE SPACE
•OPTIMIZATION OF MAN’S RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS ENVIRONMENT
•OPTIMIZATION OF FOUR PREVIOUS PRINCIPLES



Classification of human settlements



BY EVOLUTIONARY PHASES
•Macro scale- nomadic, agricultural, urban, urban industrial;
•Micro scale- specific area at a limited period of time
BY FACTORS & DISCIPLINES






ISLAMABAD-- THE CREATION OF NEW CAPITAL  

Islamabad, the new Capital of Pakistan, planned by Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Doxiadis Associates in the late 1950s, is now a fast-growing city of about 1.5 million inhabitants, forming, together with the adjacent old city of Rawalpindi and a National Park, a Metropolitan Area (Greater Islamabad/Rawalpindi Area) of about 4.5 million inhabitants.
The greater area of the capital, the metropolitan area, has been planned for a future population of about 2,500,000 inhabitants within a period of two generations.

The Landscape Pattern and the Highways

The backbone of the Islamabad Metropolitan Area Master Plan is formed by two highways, Islamabad Highway and Murree
Highway, the alignment of which was dictated by the natural landscape pattern and the existing man made obstacles.
Capital of Pakistan and 10th largest city in world Located on potholer plateau Built during 1960 to replace Karachi Most developed city and divide into sectors and zones
Formation of the Metropolitan Area

The principal system of axes in the metropolitan area of Islamabad  defines three distinctive areas:
a. the area of Islamabad proper.
b. the area of Rawalpindi, the center of which is the city of Rawalpindi.
c. the National Park area which will retain certain agricultural functions for several years and where sites must be provided for a national sports center, the national university, national research institute, etc.
Dyna metropolis
Islamabad will be the capital of the nation and will serve mainly administrative and cultural functions.
Rawalpindi will remain the regional center serving industrial and
commercial functions.
It has been designed on the basis of the ideal city of the future and to form a dyna-metropolis.
Each is planned to develop dynamically towards the south-west, their center cores growing
simultaneously and together with their residential and other functions

History of Settlements in the Philippines



•Spanish Occupation

•Binondo - Founded in 1594, Binondo was created by Spanish Governor Luis Pérez Dasmariñas as a permanent settlement for converted Chinese immigrants (called sangleys) across the river from the walled city of Intramuros where the Spaniards resided.
•Intramuros - It was built to protect the seat of the Spanish government from hostile native revolts, and raiding Chinese sea pirates. The plans for Intramuros were based on King Philip II of Spain's Royal Ordinance issued on July 3, 1573 in San Lorenzo, Spain. Its design was based upon a star fort or trace italienne and covered 64 hectares of land, surrounded by 8 feet thick stones and high walls that rise 22 feet.
  -planned and executed by Jesuit Priest Antonio Sedeno
Cebu  - Following Magellan, Spanish explorers led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailing from Mexico arrived in 1565 and established a colony in the island of Cebu. The Spaniards established settlements, trade flourished and renamed the island to "Villa del Santíssimo Nombre de Jesús" (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Cebu became the first European settlement established by the Spanish Cortés in the Philippines.

American Period

Baguio - The region around Baguio was first settled primarily by the Kankana-eys and the Ibalois. In the nearby town of La Trinidad, Spaniards established a commandante or military garrison, although Kafagway, as Baguio was once known, was barely touched. In 1901 Japanese and Filipino workers hired by the Americans built Kennon Road, the first road directly connecting Kafagway with the lowlands of Pangasinan. Before this, the only road to Kafagway was Naguilian Road. On September 1, 1909 Baguio was declared a chartered city. The famous American architect Daniel Burnham, one of the earliest successful modern city planners, laid a meticulous plan for the city in 1904. His plan was, nevertheless, realized only to a small extent, primarily due to growth of the city well beyond its initial planned population of 25,000 people.

•Ravallion, M. 2001. On the urbanization of poverty.
•Population Reports. Volume XXX, Number 4, Fall 2002. John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
•Comprehensive Land Use Planning Guidebook Volume 1. 2007. HLURB
•http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html
•http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.aspx
•http://hlurb.gov.ph/faqs/

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