Breathing Architecture

Basic Principles of Ekistics • MAXIMIZATION OF HUMAN POTENTIALS –in a certain area, man will select the location which permits a maximum of potential contact • MINIMIZATION OF EFFORTS –a minimum of effort, terms of energy, time and cost Man selects the most convenient routes • OPTIMIZATION OF MAN’S PROTECTIVE SPACE • OPTIMIZATION OF MAN’S RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS  ENVIRONMENT • OPTIMIZATION OF FOUR PREVIOUS  PRINCIPLES Classification of human settlements BY EVOLUTIONARY PHASES • Macro scale- nomadic, agricultural, urban, urban industrial; • Micro scale- specific area at a limited period of time BY FACTORS & DISCIPLINES ISLAMABAD-- THE CREATION OF NEW CAPITAL    Islamabad, the new Capital of Pakistan, planned by Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Doxiadis Associates in the late 1950s, is now a fast-growing city of about 1.5 million inhabi tants, forming, together with the adjacent old city of Rawalpindi an...

• The term Ekistics was coined by Greek architect and urban planner Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis in 1942. • Applies to the science of human settlements . • Includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. This science, termed Ekistics , will take into consideration • the principles man takes into account when building his settlements , as well • as the evolution of human settlements through history in terms of size and quality . • The target is to build the city of optimum size , that is, a city which respects human dimensions. • Since there is no point in resisting development, we should try to accommodate technological evolution and the needs of man with in the same settlement. • ACCORDING TO DOXIADIS In order to create the cities of the future, we need to systematically develop a science of human settlements. • Ekistics aims to encompass all scales of human habitation and seeks to learn from the archeological and historical record ...

What are Landforms? •        Landforms are the natural shapes called landforms. •        There are many different types of landforms found on the earth: landforms of continental relief and landforms of coastal relief. Different kinds of landforms? 1)        Plain 2)        Desert 3)        Mountain 4)        Valley 5)        Rivers. 6)        Delta 7)        Glaciers & Ice fields 8)        Canyon 9)        Cape 10)    Island What is a PLAIN? A plain is a flat area on Earth’s surface. EXAMPLE : The Great Plains region of the United States reaches across the vast interior of the country, from the Ca...